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Henry's Law Constants

www.henrys-law.org

Rolf Sander

NEW: Version 5.0.0 has been published in October 2023

Atmospheric Chemistry Division

Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry
Mainz, Germany

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Henry's Law Constants

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When referring to the compilation of Henry's Law Constants, please cite this publication:

R. Sander: Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 5.0.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10901-12440 (2023), doi:10.5194/acp-23-10901-2023

The publication from 2023 replaces that from 2015, which is now obsolete. Please do not cite the old paper anymore.

Henry's Law Constants → Hydrocarbons (C, H) → Alkanes → 2-methylpropane

FORMULA:HC(CH3)3
TRIVIAL NAME: isobutane
CAS RN:75-28-5
STRUCTURE
(FROM NIST):
InChIKey:NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hscp d ln Hs cp / d (1/T) References Type Notes
[mol/(m3Pa)] [K]
9.1×10−6 2700 Burkholder et al. (2019) L 1) 262)
9.1×10−6 2700 Burkholder et al. (2015) L 1) 263)
9.1×10−6 2700 Sander et al. (2011) L 1) 264)
9.1×10−6 2700 Sander et al. (2006) L 1) 265)
Fogg and Sangster (2003) L 266)
9.2×10−6 2900 Plyasunov and Shock (2000) L
9.1×10−6 2700 Hayduk (1986) L 1) 267)
8.3×10−6 Mackay and Shiu (1981) L
8.0×10−6 2700 Wilhelm et al. (1977) L
1.1×10−4 5100 Mohebbi et al. (2012) M
8.5×10−6 McAuliffe (1966) M 226)
9.9×10−6 2700 Wetlaufer et al. (1964) M
8.5×10−6 McAuliffe (1963) M 227)
8.3×10−6 Duchowicz et al. (2020) V 187)
8.3×10−6 HSDB (2015) V
8.3×10−6 Mackay et al. (2006a) V
8.3×10−6 Mackay et al. (1993) V
8.4×10−6 Hine and Mookerjee (1975) V
9.7×10−6 Irmann (1965) V
8.5×10−6 Yaws (2003) X 238)
1.3×10−5 Hayer et al. (2022) Q 20)
1.7×10−4 Duchowicz et al. (2020) Q
8.3×10−5 Wang et al. (2017) Q 81) 239)
5.3×10−6 Wang et al. (2017) Q 81) 240)
2.0×10−5 Wang et al. (2017) Q 81) 241)
3.1×10−6 Gharagheizi et al. (2012) Q
1.2×10−5 Raventos-Duran et al. (2010) Q 243) 244)
6.2×10−6 Raventos-Duran et al. (2010) Q 245)
9.9×10−6 Raventos-Duran et al. (2010) Q 246)
1.5×10−5 Gharagheizi et al. (2010) Q 247)
5.6×10−6 Hilal et al. (2008) Q
5.8×10−6 Modarresi et al. (2007) Q 68)
3300 Kühne et al. (2005) Q
3.7×10−6 Modarresi et al. (2005) Q 248)
8.4×10−6 Yaffe et al. (2003) Q 249) 250)
8.4×10−6 Yaffe et al. (2003) Q 249) 250)
9.8×10−6 Yao et al. (2002) Q 230) 268)
1.0×10−5 English and Carroll (2001) Q 231) 232)
1.5×10−5 Katritzky et al. (1998) Q
1.1×10−5 Suzuki et al. (1992) Q 233)
1.0×10−5 Nirmalakhandan and Speece (1988) Q
1.1×10−5 Irmann (1965) Q
2900 Kühne et al. (2005) ?
8.6×10−6 Yaws (1999) ? 21)
9.1×10−6 2700 Yaws et al. (1999) ? 21)
8.5×10−6 Yaws and Yang (1992) ? 21)
8.0×10−6 Abraham et al. (1990) ?
7.9×10−6 Abraham (1979) ?

Data

The first column contains Henry's law solubility constant Hscp at the reference temperature of 298.15 K.
The second column contains the temperature dependence d ln Hs cp / d (1/T), also at the reference temperature.

References

  • Abraham, M. H.: Free energies of solution of rare gases and alkanes in water and nonaqueous solvents. A quantitative assessment of the hydrophobic effect, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 5477–5484, doi:10.1021/JA00513A004 (1979).
  • Abraham, M. H., Whiting, G. S., Fuchs, R., & Chambers, E. J.: Thermodynamics of solute transfer from water to hexadecane, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, pp. 291–300, doi:10.1039/P29900000291 (1990).
  • Burkholder, J. B., Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J., Barker, J. R., Huie, R. E., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Orkin, V. L., Wilmouth, D. M., & Wine, P. H.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation No. 18, JPL Publication 15-10, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, URL https://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov (2015).
  • Burkholder, J. B., Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J., Barker, J. R., Cappa, C., Crounse, J. D., Dibble, T. S., Huie, R. E., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Orkin, V. L., Percival, C. J., Wilmouth, D. M., & Wine, P. H.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation No. 19, JPL Publication 19-5, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, URL https://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov (2019).
  • Duchowicz, P. R., Aranda, J. F., Bacelo, D. E., & Fioressi, S. E.: QSPR study of the Henry’s law constant for heterogeneous compounds, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 154, 115–121, doi:10.1016/J.CHERD.2019.12.009 (2020).
  • English, N. J. & Carroll, D. G.: Prediction of Henry’s law constants by a quantitative structure property relationship and neural networks, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 41, 1150–1161, doi:10.1021/CI010361D (2001).
  • Fogg, P. & Sangster, J.: Chemicals in the Atmosphere: Solubility, Sources and Reactivity, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN 978-0-471-98651-5 (2003).
  • Gharagheizi, F., Abbasi, R., & Tirandazi, B.: Prediction of Henry’s law constant of organic compounds in water from a new group-contribution-based model, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 10 149–10 152, doi:10.1021/IE101532E (2010).
  • Gharagheizi, F., Eslamimanesh, A., Mohammadi, A. H., & Richon, D.: Empirical method for estimation of Henry’s law constant of non-electrolyte organic compounds in water, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 47, 295–299, doi:10.1016/J.JCT.2011.11.015 (2012).
  • Hayduk, W.: IUPAC Solubility Data Series, Volume 24, Propane, Butane and 2-Methylpropane, Pergamon Press, Oxford, ISBN 008029202X (1986).
  • Hayer, N., Jirasek, F., & Hasse, H.: Prediction of Henry’s law constants by matrix completion, AIChE J., 68, e17 753, doi:10.1002/AIC.17753 (2022).
  • Hilal, S. H., Ayyampalayam, S. N., & Carreira, L. A.: Air-liquid partition coefficient for a diverse set of organic compounds: Henry’s law constant in water and hexadecane, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9231–9236, doi:10.1021/ES8005783 (2008).
  • Hine, J. & Mookerjee, P. K.: The intrinsic hydrophilic character of organic compounds. Correlations in terms of structural contributions, J. Org. Chem., 40, 292–298, doi:10.1021/JO00891A006 (1975).
  • HSDB: Hazardous Substances Data Bank, TOXicology data NETwork (TOXNET), National Library of Medicine (US), URL https://www.nlm.nih.gov/toxnet/Accessing_HSDB_Content_from_PubChem.html (2015).
  • Irmann, F.: Eine einfache Korrelation zwischen Wasserlöslichkeit und Struktur von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 37, 789–798, doi:10.1002/CITE.330370802 (1965).
  • Katritzky, A. R., Wang, Y., Sild, S., Tamm, T., & Karelson, M.: QSPR studies on vapor pressure, aqueous solubility, and the prediction of water-air partition coefficients, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 38, 720–725, doi:10.1021/CI980022T (1998).
  • Kühne, R., Ebert, R.-U., & Schüürmann, G.: Prediction of the temperature dependency of Henry’s law constant from chemical structure, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6705–6711, doi:10.1021/ES050527H (2005).
  • Mackay, D. & Shiu, W. Y.: A critical review of Henry’s law constants for chemicals of environmental interest, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 10, 1175–1199, doi:10.1063/1.555654 (1981).
  • Mackay, D., Shiu, W. Y., & Ma, K. C.: Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, vol. III of Volatile Organic Chemicals, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, ISBN 0873719735 (1993).
  • Mackay, D., Shiu, W. Y., Ma, K. C., & Lee, S. C.: Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, vol. I of Introduction and Hydrocarbons, CRC/Taylor & Francis Group, doi:10.1201/9781420044393 (2006a).
  • McAuliffe, C.: Solubility in water of C1-C9 hydrocarbons, Nature, 200, 1092–1093, doi:10.1038/2001092A0 (1963).
  • McAuliffe, C.: Solubility in water of paraffin, cycloparaffin, olefin, acetylene, cycloolefin, and aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem., 70, 1267–1275, doi:10.1021/J100876A049 (1966).
  • Modarresi, H., Modarress, H., & Dearden, J. C.: Henry’s law constant of hydrocarbons in air–water system: The cavity ovality effect on the non-electrostatic contribution term of solvation free energy, SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 16, 461–482, doi:10.1080/10659360500319869 (2005).
  • Modarresi, H., Modarress, H., & Dearden, J. C.: QSPR model of Henry’s law constant for a diverse set of organic chemicals based on genetic algorithm-radial basis function network approach, Chemosphere, 66, 2067–2076, doi:10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2006.09.049 (2007).
  • Mohebbi, V., Naderifar, A., Behbahani, R. M., & Moshfeghian, M.: Determination of Henry’s law constant of light hydrocarbon gases at low temperatures, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 51, 8–11, doi:10.1016/J.JCT.2012.02.014 (2012).
  • Nirmalakhandan, N. N. & Speece, R. E.: QSAR model for predicting Henry’s constant, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 1349–1357, doi:10.1021/ES00176A016 (1988).
  • Plyasunov, A. V. & Shock, E. L.: Thermodynamic functions of hydration of hydrocarbons at 298.15K and 0.1MPa, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 439–468, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00330-0 (2000).
  • Raventos-Duran, T., Camredon, M., Valorso, R., Mouchel-Vallon, C., & Aumont, B.: Structure-activity relationships to estimate the effective Henry’s law constants of organics of atmospheric interest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7643–7654, doi:10.5194/ACP-10-7643-2010 (2010).
  • Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Kurylo, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Keller-Rudek, H., Wine, P. H., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E., Molina, M. J., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., Huie, R. E., & Orkin, V. L.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation Number 15, JPL Publication 06-2, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, URL https://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov (2006).
  • Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J., Barker, J. R., Burkholder, J. B., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Huie, R. E., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Orkin, V. L., & Wine, P. H.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation No. 17, JPL Publication 10-6, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, URL https://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov (2011).
  • Suzuki, T., Ohtaguchi, K., & Koide, K.: Application of principal components analysis to calculate Henry’s constant from molecular structure, Comput. Chem., 16, 41–52, doi:10.1016/0097-8485(92)85007-L (1992).
  • Wang, C., Yuan, T., Wood, S. A., Goss, K.-U., Li, J., Ying, Q., & Wania, F.: Uncertain Henry’s law constants compromise equilibrium partitioning calculations of atmospheric oxidation products, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7529–7540, doi:10.5194/ACP-17-7529-2017 (2017).
  • Wetlaufer, D. B., Malik, S. K., Stoller, L., & Coffin, R. L.: Nonpolar group participation in the denaturation of proteins by urea and guanidinium salts. Model compound studies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 86, 508–514, doi:10.1021/JA01057A045 (1964).
  • Wilhelm, E., Battino, R., & Wilcock, R. J.: Low-pressure solubility of gases in liquid water, Chem. Rev., 77, 219–262, doi:10.1021/CR60306A003 (1977).
  • Yaffe, D., Cohen, Y., Espinosa, G., Arenas, A., & Giralt, F.: A fuzzy ARTMAP-based quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) for the Henry’s law constant of organic compounds, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 43, 85–112, doi:10.1021/CI025561J (2003).
  • Yao, X., aand X. Zhang, M. L., Hu, Z., & Fan, B.: Radial basis function network-based quantitative structure-property relationship for the prediction of Henry’s law constant, Anal. Chim. Acta, 462, 101–117, doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00273-8 (2002).
  • Yaws, C. L.: Chemical Properties Handbook, McGraw-Hill, Inc., ISBN 0070734011 (1999).
  • Yaws, C. L.: Yaws’ Handbook of Thermodynamic and Physical Properties of Chemical Compounds, Knovel: Norwich, NY, USA, ISBN 1591244447 (2003).
  • Yaws, C. L. & Yang, H.-C.: Henry’s law constant for compound in water, in: Thermodynamic and Physical Property Data, edited by Yaws, C. L., pp. 181–206, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, ISBN 0884150313 (1992).
  • Yaws, C. L., Hopper, J. R., Wang, X., Rathinsamy, A. K., & Pike, R. W.: Calculating solubility & Henry’s law constants for gases in water, Chem. Eng., pp. 102–105 (1999).

Type

Table entries are sorted according to reliability of the data, listing the most reliable type first: L) literature review, M) measured, V) VP/AS = vapor pressure/aqueous solubility, R) recalculation, T) thermodynamical calculation, X) original paper not available, C) citation, Q) QSPR, E) estimate, ?) unknown, W) wrong. See Section 3.1 of Sander (2023) for further details.

Notes

1) A detailed temperature dependence with more than one parameter is available in the original publication. Here, only the temperature dependence at 298.15 K according to the van 't Hoff equation is presented.
20) Calculated using machine learning matrix completion methods (MCMs).
21) Several references are given in the list of Henry's law constants but not assigned to specific species.
68) Modarresi et al. (2007) use different descriptors for their calculations. They conclude that a genetic algorithm/radial basis function network (GA/RBFN) is the best QSPR model. Only these results are shown here.
81) Value at T = 288 K.
187) Estimation based on the quotient between vapor pressure and water solubility, extracted from HENRYWIN.
226) The same value was also published in McAuliffe (1963).
227) The same value was also published in McAuliffe (1966).
230) Yao et al. (2002) compared two QSPR methods and found that radial basis function networks (RBFNs) are better than multiple linear regression. In their paper, they provide neither a definition nor the unit of their Henry's law constants. Comparing the values with those that they cite from Yaws (1999), it is assumed that they use the variant Hvpx and the unit atm.
231) English and Carroll (2001) provide several calculations. Here, the preferred value with explicit inclusion of hydrogen bonding parameters from a neural network is shown.
232) Value from the training dataset.
233) Calculated with a principal component analysis (PCA); see Suzuki et al. (1992) for details.
238) Value given here as quoted by Gharagheizi et al. (2010).
239) Calculated using linear free energy relationships (LFERs).
240) Calculated using SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry (SPARC).
241) Calculated using COSMOtherm.
243) Value from the training dataset.
244) Calculated using the GROMHE model.
245) Calculated using the SPARC approach.
246) Calculated using the HENRYWIN method.
247) Calculated using a combination of a group contribution method and neural networks.
248) Modarresi et al. (2005) use different descriptors for the QSPR models. They conclude that their "COSA" method and the artificial neural network (ANN) are best. However, as COSA is not ideal for hydrocarbons with low solubility, only results obtained with ANN are shown here.
249) Yaffe et al. (2003) present QSPR results calculated with the fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) and with the back-propagation (BK-Pr) method. They conclude that FAM is better. Only the FAM results are shown here.
250) Value from the training set.
262) The H298 and A, B, C data listed in Table 5-4 of Burkholder et al. (2019) are inconsistent, with 6 % difference.
263) The H298 and A, B, C data listed in Table 5-4 of Burkholder et al. (2015) are inconsistent, with 6 % difference.
264) The H298 and A, B, C data listed in Table 5.4 of Sander et al. (2011) are inconsistent, with 6 % difference.
265) The H298 and A, B, C data listed in Table 5.4 of Sander et al. (2006) are inconsistent, with 6 % difference.
266) Fogg and Sangster (2003) cite an incorrect fitting function from Hayduk (1986).
267) The fitting function and the data in the table on page 34 of Hayduk (1986) are inconsistent by a factor of about 3. A comparison with the original measurements by Wetlaufer et al. (1964) shows that the data in the table are correct. Refitting the data suggests that the third fitting parameter should be 52.4651, not 53.4651.
268) Value from the test set.

The numbers of the notes are the same as in Sander (2023). References cited in the notes can be found here.

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