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Henry's Law Constants

www.henrys-law.org

Rolf Sander

NEW: Version 5.0.0 has been published in October 2023

Atmospheric Chemistry Division

Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry
Mainz, Germany

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Henry's Law Constants

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When referring to the compilation of Henry's Law Constants, please cite this publication:

R. Sander: Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 5.0.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10901-12440 (2023), doi:10.5194/acp-23-10901-2023

The publication from 2023 replaces that from 2015, which is now obsolete. Please do not cite the old paper anymore.

Henry's Law Constants → Hydrocarbons (C, H) → Alkanes → hexane

FORMULA:C6H14
CAS RN:110-54-3
STRUCTURE
(FROM NIST):
InChIKey:VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hscp d ln Hs cp / d (1/T) References Type Notes
[mol/(m3Pa)] [K]
5.7×10−6 4400 Brockbank (2013) L 1) 276)
6.9×10−6 3800 Plyasunov and Shock (2000) L
6.1×10−6 3800 Abraham and Matteoli (1988) L
5.9×10−6 Mackay and Shiu (1981) L
6.1×10−6 Ryu and Park (1999) M
7.4×10−6 Park et al. (1997) M 277)
2.4×10−4 8700 Kolb et al. (1992) M 278)
6.7×10−6 Guitart et al. (1989) M 14)
9.9×10−6 7500 Ashworth et al. (1988) M 279)
6.7×10−6 4200 Tsonopoulos and Wilson (1983) M 1)
5.9×10−6 4000 Jönsson et al. (1982) M
5.4×10−6 Rytting et al. (1978) M
5.5×10−6 Duchowicz et al. (2020) V 187)
5.5×10−6 HSDB (2015) V
5.5×10−6 Mackay et al. (2006a) V
5.5×10−6 Mackay et al. (1993) V
5.5×10−6 Hwang et al. (1992) V
7.1×10−6 Eastcott et al. (1988) V
6.1×10−6 Cabani et al. (1981) V
5.4×10−6 Hine and Mookerjee (1975) V
5.9×10−6 McAuliffe (1966) V 226)
5.9×10−6 McAuliffe (1963) V 227)
6.7×10−6 3800 Plyasunov et al. (2001) T
3800 Gill et al. (1976) T
7.6×10−6 Yaws (2003) X 259)
7.6×10−6 Yaws (2003) X 238)
1.0×10−5 Dupeux et al. (2022) Q 260)
5.7×10−6 Hayer et al. (2022) Q 20)
4.4×10−4 Duchowicz et al. (2020) Q
5.0×10−5 Wang et al. (2017) Q 81) 239)
6.9×10−6 Wang et al. (2017) Q 81) 240)
1.6×10−5 Wang et al. (2017) Q 81) 241)
2.3×10−5 Li et al. (2014) Q 242)
4.5×10−6 Gharagheizi et al. (2012) Q
6.2×10−6 Raventos-Duran et al. (2010) Q 243) 244)
9.9×10−6 Raventos-Duran et al. (2010) Q 245)
6.2×10−6 Raventos-Duran et al. (2010) Q 246)
5.2×10−6 Gharagheizi et al. (2010) Q 247)
7.7×10−6 Hilal et al. (2008) Q
5.2×10−6 Modarresi et al. (2007) Q 68)
4000 Kühne et al. (2005) Q
2.9×10−6 Modarresi et al. (2005) Q 248)
5.8×10−6 Yaffe et al. (2003) Q 249) 273)
6.0×10−6 Yao et al. (2002) Q 230)
6.2×10−6 English and Carroll (2001) Q 231) 232)
1.4×10−5 Katritzky et al. (1998) Q
1.4×10−5 Russell et al. (1992) Q 280)
7.9×10−6 Suzuki et al. (1992) Q 233)
7.9×10−6 Nirmalakhandan and Speece (1988) Q
4100 Kühne et al. (2005) ?
7.6×10−6 Yaws (1999) ? 21)
3.4×10−6 Abraham and Weathersby (1994) ? 21)
7.6×10−6 Yaws and Yang (1992) ? 21)
6.1×10−6 Abraham et al. (1990) ?

Data

The first column contains Henry's law solubility constant Hscp at the reference temperature of 298.15 K.
The second column contains the temperature dependence d ln Hs cp / d (1/T), also at the reference temperature.

References

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  • Brockbank, S. A.: Aqueous Henry’s law constants, infinite dilution activity coefficients, and water solubility: critically evaluated database, experimental analysis, and prediction methods, Ph.D. thesis, Brigham Young University, USA, URL https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3691/ (2013).
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  • Duchowicz, P. R., Aranda, J. F., Bacelo, D. E., & Fioressi, S. E.: QSPR study of the Henry’s law constant for heterogeneous compounds, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 154, 115–121, doi:10.1016/J.CHERD.2019.12.009 (2020).
  • Dupeux, T., Gaudin, T., Marteau-Roussy, C., Aubry, J.-M., & Nardello-Rataj, V.: COSMO-RS as an effective tool for predicting the physicochemical properties of fragrance raw materials, Flavour Fragrance J., 37, 106–120, doi:10.1002/FFJ.3690 (2022).
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  • English, N. J. & Carroll, D. G.: Prediction of Henry’s law constants by a quantitative structure property relationship and neural networks, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 41, 1150–1161, doi:10.1021/CI010361D (2001).
  • Gharagheizi, F., Abbasi, R., & Tirandazi, B.: Prediction of Henry’s law constant of organic compounds in water from a new group-contribution-based model, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 10 149–10 152, doi:10.1021/IE101532E (2010).
  • Gharagheizi, F., Eslamimanesh, A., Mohammadi, A. H., & Richon, D.: Empirical method for estimation of Henry’s law constant of non-electrolyte organic compounds in water, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 47, 295–299, doi:10.1016/J.JCT.2011.11.015 (2012).
  • Gill, S. J., Nichols, N. F., & Wadsö, I.: Calorimetric determination of enthalpies of solution of slightly soluble liquids II. Enthalpy of solution of some hydrocarbons in water and their use in establishing the temperature dependence of their solubilities, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 8, 445–452, doi:10.1016/0021-9614(76)90065-3 (1976).
  • Guitart, R., Puigdemont, F., & Arboix, M.: Rapid headspace gas chromatographic method for the determination of liquid/gas partition coefficients, J. Chromatogr., 491, 271–280, doi:10.1016/S0378-4347(00)82845-5 (1989).
  • Hayer, N., Jirasek, F., & Hasse, H.: Prediction of Henry’s law constants by matrix completion, AIChE J., 68, e17 753, doi:10.1002/AIC.17753 (2022).
  • Hilal, S. H., Ayyampalayam, S. N., & Carreira, L. A.: Air-liquid partition coefficient for a diverse set of organic compounds: Henry’s law constant in water and hexadecane, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9231–9236, doi:10.1021/ES8005783 (2008).
  • Hine, J. & Mookerjee, P. K.: The intrinsic hydrophilic character of organic compounds. Correlations in terms of structural contributions, J. Org. Chem., 40, 292–298, doi:10.1021/JO00891A006 (1975).
  • HSDB: Hazardous Substances Data Bank, TOXicology data NETwork (TOXNET), National Library of Medicine (US), URL https://www.nlm.nih.gov/toxnet/Accessing_HSDB_Content_from_PubChem.html (2015).
  • Hwang, Y.-L., Olson, J. D., & Keller, II, G. E.: Steam stripping for removal of organic pollutants from water. 2. Vapor-liquid equilibrium data, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31, 1759–1768, doi:10.1021/IE00007A022 (1992).
  • Jönsson, J. Å., Vejrosta, J., & Novák, J.: Air/water partition coefficients for normal alkanes (n-pentane to n-nonane), Fluid Phase Equilib., 9, 279–286, doi:10.1016/0378-3812(82)80023-X (1982).
  • Katritzky, A. R., Wang, Y., Sild, S., Tamm, T., & Karelson, M.: QSPR studies on vapor pressure, aqueous solubility, and the prediction of water-air partition coefficients, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 38, 720–725, doi:10.1021/CI980022T (1998).
  • Kolb, B., Welter, C., & Bichler, C.: Determination of partition coefficients by automatic equilibrium headspace gas chromatography by vapor phase calibration, Chromatographia, 34, 235–240, doi:10.1007/BF02268351 (1992).
  • Kühne, R., Ebert, R.-U., & Schüürmann, G.: Prediction of the temperature dependency of Henry’s law constant from chemical structure, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6705–6711, doi:10.1021/ES050527H (2005).
  • Li, H., Wang, X., Yi, T., Xu, Z., & Liu, X.: Prediction of Henry’s law constants for organic compounds using multilayer feedforward neural networks based on linear salvation energy relationship, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 6, 1557–1564 (2014).
  • Mackay, D. & Shiu, W. Y.: A critical review of Henry’s law constants for chemicals of environmental interest, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 10, 1175–1199, doi:10.1063/1.555654 (1981).
  • Mackay, D., Shiu, W. Y., & Ma, K. C.: Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, vol. III of Volatile Organic Chemicals, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, ISBN 0873719735 (1993).
  • Mackay, D., Shiu, W. Y., Ma, K. C., & Lee, S. C.: Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, vol. I of Introduction and Hydrocarbons, CRC/Taylor & Francis Group, doi:10.1201/9781420044393 (2006a).
  • McAuliffe, C.: Solubility in water of C1-C9 hydrocarbons, Nature, 200, 1092–1093, doi:10.1038/2001092A0 (1963).
  • McAuliffe, C.: Solubility in water of paraffin, cycloparaffin, olefin, acetylene, cycloolefin, and aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem., 70, 1267–1275, doi:10.1021/J100876A049 (1966).
  • Modarresi, H., Modarress, H., & Dearden, J. C.: Henry’s law constant of hydrocarbons in air–water system: The cavity ovality effect on the non-electrostatic contribution term of solvation free energy, SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 16, 461–482, doi:10.1080/10659360500319869 (2005).
  • Modarresi, H., Modarress, H., & Dearden, J. C.: QSPR model of Henry’s law constant for a diverse set of organic chemicals based on genetic algorithm-radial basis function network approach, Chemosphere, 66, 2067–2076, doi:10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2006.09.049 (2007).
  • Nirmalakhandan, N. N. & Speece, R. E.: QSAR model for predicting Henry’s constant, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 1349–1357, doi:10.1021/ES00176A016 (1988).
  • Park, S.-J., Han, S.-D., & Ryu, S.-A.: Measurement of air/water partition coefficient (Henry’s law constant) by using EPICS method and their relationship with vapor pressure and water solubility, J. Korean Inst. Chem. Eng., 35, 915–920 (1997).
  • Plyasunov, A. V. & Shock, E. L.: Thermodynamic functions of hydration of hydrocarbons at 298.15K and 0.1MPa, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 439–468, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00330-0 (2000).
  • Plyasunov, A. V., O’Connell, J. P., Wood, R. H., & Shock, E. L.: Semiempirical equation of state for the infinite dilution thermodynamic functions of hydration of nonelectrolytes over wide ranges of temperature and pressure, Fluid Phase Equilib., 183–184, 133–142, doi:10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00427-7 (2001).
  • Raventos-Duran, T., Camredon, M., Valorso, R., Mouchel-Vallon, C., & Aumont, B.: Structure-activity relationships to estimate the effective Henry’s law constants of organics of atmospheric interest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7643–7654, doi:10.5194/ACP-10-7643-2010 (2010).
  • Russell, C. J., Dixon, S. L., & Jurs, P. C.: Computer-assisted study of the relationship between molecular structure and Henry’s law constant, Anal. Chem., 64, 1350–1355, doi:10.1021/AC00037A009 (1992).
  • Rytting, J. H., Huston, L. P., & Higuchi, T.: Thermodynamic group contributions for hydroxyl, amino, and methylene groups, J. Pharm. Sci., 69, 615–618, doi:10.1002/JPS.2600670510 (1978).
  • Ryu, S.-A. & Park, S.-J.: A rapid determination method of the air/water partition coefficient and its application, Fluid Phase Equilib., 161, 295–304, doi:10.1016/S0378-3812(99)00193-4 (1999).
  • Suzuki, T., Ohtaguchi, K., & Koide, K.: Application of principal components analysis to calculate Henry’s constant from molecular structure, Comput. Chem., 16, 41–52, doi:10.1016/0097-8485(92)85007-L (1992).
  • Tsonopoulos, C. & Wilson, G. M.: High-temperature mutual solubilities of hydrocarbons and water. Part I: Benzene, cyclohexane and n-hexane, AIChE J., 29, 990–999, doi:10.1002/AIC.690290618 (1983).
  • Wang, C., Yuan, T., Wood, S. A., Goss, K.-U., Li, J., Ying, Q., & Wania, F.: Uncertain Henry’s law constants compromise equilibrium partitioning calculations of atmospheric oxidation products, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7529–7540, doi:10.5194/ACP-17-7529-2017 (2017).
  • Yaffe, D., Cohen, Y., Espinosa, G., Arenas, A., & Giralt, F.: A fuzzy ARTMAP-based quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) for the Henry’s law constant of organic compounds, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 43, 85–112, doi:10.1021/CI025561J (2003).
  • Yao, X., aand X. Zhang, M. L., Hu, Z., & Fan, B.: Radial basis function network-based quantitative structure-property relationship for the prediction of Henry’s law constant, Anal. Chim. Acta, 462, 101–117, doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00273-8 (2002).
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  • Yaws, C. L. & Yang, H.-C.: Henry’s law constant for compound in water, in: Thermodynamic and Physical Property Data, edited by Yaws, C. L., pp. 181–206, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, ISBN 0884150313 (1992).

Type

Table entries are sorted according to reliability of the data, listing the most reliable type first: L) literature review, M) measured, V) VP/AS = vapor pressure/aqueous solubility, R) recalculation, T) thermodynamical calculation, X) original paper not available, C) citation, Q) QSPR, E) estimate, ?) unknown, W) wrong. See Section 3.1 of Sander (2023) for further details.

Notes

1) A detailed temperature dependence with more than one parameter is available in the original publication. Here, only the temperature dependence at 298.15 K according to the van 't Hoff equation is presented.
14) Value at T = 310 K.
20) Calculated using machine learning matrix completion methods (MCMs).
21) Several references are given in the list of Henry's law constants but not assigned to specific species.
68) Modarresi et al. (2007) use different descriptors for their calculations. They conclude that a genetic algorithm/radial basis function network (GA/RBFN) is the best QSPR model. Only these results are shown here.
81) Value at T = 288 K.
187) Estimation based on the quotient between vapor pressure and water solubility, extracted from HENRYWIN.
226) The same value was also published in McAuliffe (1963).
227) The same value was also published in McAuliffe (1966).
230) Yao et al. (2002) compared two QSPR methods and found that radial basis function networks (RBFNs) are better than multiple linear regression. In their paper, they provide neither a definition nor the unit of their Henry's law constants. Comparing the values with those that they cite from Yaws (1999), it is assumed that they use the variant Hvpx and the unit atm.
231) English and Carroll (2001) provide several calculations. Here, the preferred value with explicit inclusion of hydrogen bonding parameters from a neural network is shown.
232) Value from the training dataset.
233) Calculated with a principal component analysis (PCA); see Suzuki et al. (1992) for details.
238) Value given here as quoted by Gharagheizi et al. (2010).
239) Calculated using linear free energy relationships (LFERs).
240) Calculated using SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry (SPARC).
241) Calculated using COSMOtherm.
242) Temperature is not specified.
243) Value from the training dataset.
244) Calculated using the GROMHE model.
245) Calculated using the SPARC approach.
246) Calculated using the HENRYWIN method.
247) Calculated using a combination of a group contribution method and neural networks.
248) Modarresi et al. (2005) use different descriptors for the QSPR models. They conclude that their "COSA" method and the artificial neural network (ANN) are best. However, as COSA is not ideal for hydrocarbons with low solubility, only results obtained with ANN are shown here.
249) Yaffe et al. (2003) present QSPR results calculated with the fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) and with the back-propagation (BK-Pr) method. They conclude that FAM is better. Only the FAM results are shown here.
259) Value given here as quoted by Dupeux et al. (2022).
260) Calculated using the COSMO-RS method.
273) Value from the test set.
276) Values at 298 K in Tables C2 and C5 of Brockbank (2013) are inconsistent, with 6 % difference.
277) Apparently, the values in Table 2 of Park et al. (1997) show log10(Kaw) and not Kaw as their figure caption states.
278) Extrapolated from data measured between 40 °C and 80 °C.
279) Data are taken from the report by Howe et al. (1987).
280) Value from the training set.

The numbers of the notes are the same as in Sander (2023). References cited in the notes can be found here.

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